Wilma's Ancestors

The mutations that and migrations that led from mitochondrial Eve to Wilma were as follows:

• Eve - Emerged 151,600 to 233,600 years ago in Africa
• L1-6 - Emerged 130,700 to 203,500 years ago in Africa. Mutations:
  • 146T
  • 182C Flips to T; flips back at L3'4
  • 4312C
  • 10664C
  • 10915C
  • 11914G
  • 13276A
  • 16230A
• L2-6 - Emerged 116,900 to 182,300 years ago in Africa. Mutations:
  • 152T
  • 2758G
  • 2885T
  • 7146A
  • 8468C
• L2'3'4'6 - Emerged 89,600 to 140,400 years ago in Africa. Mutations:
  • 195C Flips to T; flips back at W
  • 247G
  • 825T
  • 8655C
  • 10688G
  • 10810T
  • 13105A
  • 13506C
  • 15301G Flips to A; flips back at N
  • 16129G
  • 16187C
  • 16189T
• L3'4'6 - Emerged 81,500 to 129,800 years ago in Africa. Mutations:
  • 4104A
  • 7521G
• L3'4 - Emerged 66,400 to 106,400 years ago in Africa. Mutations:
  • 182C Flips back to C from L1-6
  • 3594C
  • 7256C
  • 13650C
  • 16278C
• L3 - Emerged 57,100 to 86,600 years ago in Central Africa. This was the 'out of Africa' lineage that is traditionally held to have originated in Central Africa, and then migrated into North Africa and the Saudi Arabian peninsula. Much later ancestors migrated to West Africa as part of the Bantu agricultural expansion. Mutations:
  • 769G
  • 1018G
  • 16311T
• N - Emerged 55,800 to 87,100 years ago in Near East. This was the first Eurasian haplogroup, deriving from L3 in the near east. Full genome studies indicate that they interbred with Neanderthals, although no Neanderthal mtdna lineage survived. Mutations:
  • 8701A
  • 9540T
  • 10398A
  • 10873T
  • 15301G Flips back to G from L2'3'4'6
• N2 - Emerged 49,200 to 75,000 years ago in Central Asia. N2 is the deduced ancestor of the N2a and W subgroups. No person with this sequence is known to exist today. Of the N2a, there is only one example - and that is from a Ket,one of fewer than 1000 survivors of the original nomadic inhabitants of south central Siberia. Mutations:
  • 189G
  • 709A
  • 5046A
  • 11674T
  • 12414C
• W - Emerged 13,000 to 29,700 years ago in Central Asia. Mutations:
  • 195C Flips back to C from L2'3'4'6
  • 204C
  • 207A
  • 1243C
  • 3505G
  • 5460A
  • 8251A
  • 8994A
  • 11947G
  • 15884A
  • 16292T

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